Photo Credit Introduction Self-supervised learning made transfer learning possible in NLP [1] (by using language modeling as the pre-training task) and has started to show some potential in CV as well [2, 3, 4]. They make the downstream tasks more label efficient, that is, requires fewer labeled examples to achieve good prediction accuracies. In CV, we are already quite familiar with transfer learning from models pre-trained on the labeled Imagenet dataset. However, if the dataset used in the downstream task is significantly different from the Imagenet, transfer learning/fine-tuning usually would not be very helpful. ...

Photo Credit Introduction In my last post, [Failure Report] Distill Fine-tuned Transformers into Recurrent Neural Networks, I tried to distill the knowledge of a fine-tuned BERT model into an LSTM or GRU model without any data augmentation and failed to achieve satisfiable results. In the follow-up works, I tried to replicate the easies-to-implement augmentation method — masking — used in [1] and see its effect. The masking described in [1] is called “whole word masking” [2], that is, masking the whole word instead of just masking a single word piece. ...

Photo Credit Overview Motivation Transformer models[1] have been taking over the NLP field since the advent of BERT[2]. However, the high numbers of parameters and the quadratically scaled self attention that is expensive both in computation and memory[3] make the modern transformer models barely fit into a single consumer-grade GPU. Efforts have been made to alleviate this problem[3][4][5], but they are still far from ideal: No public models that are pre-trained on BERT-scale corpus (at the time of writing). [3] The complexity of the public models is no smaller than the existing transformer models. [4] They are just smaller versions of BERT. The self attention is still quadratically scaled. [5] To make the inference possible on weaker machines, one of the more ideal solutions is to distill the knowledge of a fine-tuned transformer model into a much simpler model, e.g., an LSTM model. Is it possible? Tang et al.[6] shows that they can improve the BiLSTM baseline by distillation and some data augmentation. Although their accuracies are still lagging behind ones of the transformer models, it is still a promising direction. ...

Photo Credit Introduction AWS recently released TorchServe, an open-source model serving library for PyTorch. The production-readiness of Tensorflow has long been one of its competitive advantages. TorchServe is PyTorch community’s response to that. It is supposed to be the PyTorch counterpart of Tensorflow Serving. So far, it seems to have a very strong start. This post from the AWS Machine Learning Blog and the documentation of TorchServe should be more than enough to get you started. But for advanced usage, the documentation is a bit chaotic and the example code suggests sometimes conflicting ways to do things. ...

Photo Credit Introduction The Tensorflow Profiler in the upcoming Tensorflow 2.2 release is a much-welcomed addition to the ecosystem. For image-related tasks, often the bottleneck is the input pipeline. But you also don’t want to spend time optimizing the input pipeline unless it is necessary. The Tensorflow Profiler makes pinpointing the bottleneck of the training process much easier, so you can decide where the optimization effort should be put into. ...